Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthBulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health2415-84102415-8429FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»1546Научная статьяEXPERIENCE OF THE CONTROL OF ACUTE CHILDHOOD INFECTIONS IN THE SOVIET RUSSIA (1930-1940)AlbitskiyV. Yualbicky1941@yandex.ruSherS. Aanastel@mail.ruResearch Institute of Pediatrics and Children’s Health in Central Clinical Hospital of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation171220213323708042022Copyright © 2021,2021The article presents the results of a historical and medical study showing a high morbidity of measles, diphtheria, scarlet fever and mortality from them among the child population in the Soviet Russia (1930-1940) and reflecting control measures of them. Analysis of archival medical documents of the People's Commissariat of Public Health of the USSR and scientific works of scientists of the Soviet and post-Soviet period testifies to the difficult situation with acute childhood infections in the 1930s. Studies of pathogenesis, therapy, preventive measures for these childhood infections, the development of specific antitoxic serums had made it possible to increase the effectiveness of the treatment. Nevertheless, the level of morbidity and mortality from measles, diphtheria and scarlet fever increased by 1940. This fact could be explained, first of all, by the increase in the birth rate in the country as a result of the adoption of the law banning abortion in 1936, and secondly, by the expansion of the nursery network over the period 1937-1940, which contributed to an increase in contacts between organized children and their contamination. This situation required further scientific research, improvement of therapeutic and prophylactic measures to prevent epidemics of childhood infections.острые детские инфекциикорьдифтерияскарлатинадетская заболеваемость и смертностьСоветская Россия (1930-1940)1.Государственный архив Российской Федерации. - Ф. 8009. - Оп 21. - Д.1. - Л. 41-42, 65.2.Доброхотова А.И. Основные принципы борьбы с детскими инфекционными заболеваниями / А.И. Доброхотова // Руководство для врачей по обслуживанию детей в яслях и домах ребенка. Издание 2-ое. - М.: Медгиз, 1948. - 56 с.3.Альбицкий В.Ю., История Научного центра здоровья детей Российской академии медицинских наук (1763-2013). / В.Ю. Альбицкий, А.А. Баранов, С.А. Шер. - М.: ПедиатрЪ, 2013. - 468 c.4.Государственный архив Российской Федерации. - Ф. 8009. - Оп. 21. - Д. 66. - Л. 9-19 об.5.Голиневич Е.М. Терновые листья в лавровом венке (к 100-летию со дня рождения П.Ф. Здородовского / Е.М. Голиневич // Риккетсии и риккетсиозы. - М.: Издательство АМН СССР, 1990. - 55 с.6.Подобанский В.К. Лечение скарлатины антитоксической скарлатинозной сывороткой / В.К. Подобанский // Охрана здоровья детей и подростков. - 1933. - № 4. - С. 38-43.7.Скарлатина / Большая медицинская энциклопедия. - М.: Советская энциклопедия, 1984. - Т. 23. - С. 351-355.8.Серебряный Р.С. Охрана здоровья детей раннего возраста в Самарской области (1918-1940) / Р.С. Серебряный, О.В Яремчук, С.А. Шер // Вопросы современной педиатрии. - 2021. - Т. 20. - № 2. - С. 110-115.9.Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Rossijskoj Federacii [State Archives of the Russian Federation]. Fund 8009, Inventory 21, Document 1, pp. 41-42, 65 (in Russian).10.Dobrokhotova A.I. Basic Principles for the Control of Childhood Infectious Diseases. Rukovodstvo dlya vrachej po obsluzhivaniyu detej v yaslyah i domah rebenka [Guide for Doctors to Care for Children in the Nursery and Сhild's Homes]. Edition II. Moscow, Medgiz, 1948. 56 p. (in Russian).11.Albitskiy V.Yu., Baranov A.A., Sher S.A. Istoriya Nauchnogo centra zdorov'ya detej Rossijskoj akademii medicinskih nauk (1763-2013) [History of the Scientific Center for Child Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (1763-2013)]. Moscow, Pediatr, 2013. 468 p. (in Russian).12.Gosudarstvennyj arhiv Rossijskoj Federacii [State Archives of the Russian Federation]. Fund 8009, Inventory 21, Document 66, pp. 9-19 (in Russian).13.Golinevich E.M. Thorny leaves in a laurel wreath (on the 100th anniversary of the birth of P.F. Zdorodovsky. Rikketsii i rikketsiozy [Rickettsia and Recketsioses]. Moscow, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, 1990. 55 p. (in Russian).14.Podobansky V.K. Treatment of scarlet fever with antitoxic scarlet fever serum. Ohrana zdorov'ya detej i podrostkov [Healthcare of children and adolescents], 1933, no. 4, pp. 38-43 (in Russian).15.Scarlet Fever. Bol'shaya medicinskaya enciklopediya [Great Medical Encyclopedia]. Moscow, Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984, vol. 23, pp. 351-355 (in Russian).16.Serebryaniy R.S., Yaremchuk O.V., Sher S.A. Young Children’s Healthcare in Samara Region in 1918-1940 years. Voprosi sovremennoy pediatrii [Current Pediatrics], 2021, vol. 20, no 2, pp. 110-115 (in Russian).