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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2415-8410</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2415-8429</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1569</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Научная статья</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>TO THE QUESTION OF HISTORICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY ON THE EXAMPLE OF ARCHIVAL MATERIALS ON THE SOUTH OF RUSSIA OF THE XVII-EARLY XVIII CENTURIES</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zhibrova</surname><given-names>T. V</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>tashazhibrova@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-18" publication-format="electronic"><day>18</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>86</fpage><lpage>91</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-04-08"><day>08</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The study of historical epidemiology is an actual section of the history of medicine in Russia, the pages of which would be incomplete without considering the anti-epidemic measures of control on the ground, the procedure for the actions of the authorities and the local population in the event of "pestilence". Among the documents of the State Archive of the Voronezh Region, it was possible to find and analyze the royal letters, petitions and other materials that contain references to cases of mass diseases on the Don, dating back to the end of the XVII-beginning of the XVIII centuries. These documents are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The article attempts to determine the area of responsibility of the local administration in the person of the voivoda for public health, identifies ways to combat epidemics, which mainly consisted in the establishment of barricades at the entrances to the infected territories. Field patrols were practiced. All travelers who came from "pestilential places" were subjected to mandatory interrogations. In the XVII-early XVIII centuries, this service was a state duty, which fell on the shoulders of local residents of neighboring regions.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>history of medicine</kwd><kwd>epidemic</kwd><kwd>anti-epidemic measures</kwd><kwd>South of Russia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>история медицины</kwd><kwd>эпидемия</kwd><kwd>противоэпидемические мероприятия</kwd><kwd>юг России</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>История здравоохранения дореволюционной России (конец XVI-начало XX в.) / под ред. Р.У. Хабриева. - М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014. - 248 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Грибанов Э.Д. Представления о болезнях и их лечении по материалам рукописных источников России / Э.Д. Грибанов, Т.Л. Мазуркевич // Клиническая медицина. - 1984. - № 11. - С. 149-153.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Авдеев А.Г. 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