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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2415-8410</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2415-8429</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2504</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Материалы конференции</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The role of I. I. Betsky at the beginning of smallpox vaccination in Russia and countering epidemics (the second half of the XVIII century.)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frumenkova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>frumentat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><issue>4</issue><fpage>124</fpage><lpage>129</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-25"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2022,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The article defines the role of Catherine II's associate I. I. Betsky at the beginning of smallpox vaccination in Russia in the second half of the XVIII century and in countering epidemics. On his initiative, in the spring of 1768, a few months before the vaccination of the Empress and the heir to the throne, 80 pupils of the school at the Academy of Arts and the Smolny Institute were vaccinated with smallpox. In 1791, I. I. Betskoy published a treatise on smallpox vaccination and recommendations for combating epidemics based on the experience of countering the employees of the Moscow Foundling House under his leadership of the plague epidemic in 1771-1772.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>I. I. Betskoy</kwd><kwd>smallpox vaccination by variolation</kwd><kwd>plague epidemic</kwd><kwd>epidemic response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>И. И. Бецкой</kwd><kwd>оспопрививание методом вариоляции</kwd><kwd>эпидемия чумы</kwd><kwd>противодействие эпидемии</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Материалы для истории императорского Московского воспитательного дома. Вып. 1. М.; 1863.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Монографии учреждений ведомства императрицы Марии. СПб.; 1880.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Полное собрание законов Российской империи. Собр. 1. Т. 18.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Ениш И. Г. Известия о наилучшем способе для прививания оспы. СПб., 1769.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Издание Императорского воспитательного дома, к пользе общества служащие. Т. 3. СПб., 1791.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Альбицкий В. Ю., Баранов А. А., Шер С. А. Императорский московский воспитательный дом: (1763-1813 - первые 50 лет в истории Научного центра здоровья детей РАМН). М.; 2009.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Азизбаева Р. Е. Призрение сирот в Москве во время эпидемии чумы в 1771 г. Ежегодник историко-антропологических исследований. 2001/2002. М.; 2002.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
