Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthBulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health2415-84102415-8429FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»271510.69541/NRIPH.2025.01.017Научная статьяTo the question of the discovery of serotypes of cholera vibrio O1 serogroupsGorshkov-CantacuzeneVladimir A.cantacuzene.patent@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4691-4719FSBEI FPE «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation02042025110311025042025Copyright © 2025,2025<p>. It is generally believed that Japan at the beginning of the 20th century lagged far behind the world's leading powers, but this<br />was not the case for a science as young as bacteriology. A closer look reveals that the contribution of Japanese physicians is very great, although little known. Every bacteriologist has known the words inaba, ogawa and hikojima, meaning the three serotypes of cholera<br />vibrio of the O1 serogroup, but the history of the origin of these names, as well as the names of the physicians Takagi Itsuma (高木 逸磨<br />), Kabeshima Tamezō (壁島 爲造) and Nobechi Keizō (野辺地 慶三) are unknown. They are not found in academic literature, and in scientific literature they are mentioned only in a small number of articles.<br />In this article, based on articles by Takagi, Kabeshima and Nobechi, memoirs of their descendants and contemporaries, and archival material, the history of the theory of Kabeshima Nobechi types, its approval by the medical community in Japan, and the reasons for the<br />subsequent transition from the original, variant and intermediate types proposed by Kabeshima and Nobechi to the modern names<br />in world science are reviewed. The biographies and influence of the history of the Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, founded by Kitasato Shibasaburō, on the proposed theory and the relationship of its authors are discussed separately.<br />The portrait of Kabeshima, found in the collection of the Kitasato Shibasaburō Memorial Museum of the United Corporation of Kitasato<br />University, is published for the first time</p>choleraserotypestypesogawainabahikojimaKabesima TamedzōNobechi KeizōхолерасероварытипыогаваинабагикошимаКабесима ТамедзоНобети Кейдзо1.Onishenko G. G., Kutirev V. V. Laboratory diagnostics of dangerous infectious diseases: a practical guideline. 2nd ed. Moscow: ZAO: “Shiko”; 2013 (in Russian).2.3.Yushuk N. D., Vengerova Yu. Ya. Infectious diseases: national guidelines. 3rd ed. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2021 (in Russian).4.5.Takagi I. On the cholera strain prevalent in Tokyo in 1912, Japanese Journal of Hygiene. [Nipon eiseigakkai zasshi]. 1913;(9):49—60 (in Japanese).6.7.Kabeshima T. Study on the Biological Properties of “Cholera” Bacteria (First Report). Journal of Bacteriology. [Saikin-gaku zasshi].1913;(213):517—535 (in Japanese).8.9.Nobechi K. Contributions to the knowledge of Vibrio cholera. III. Immunological Studies upon the Types of Vibrio cholerae. Scientific Reports. Government Institute for Infectious Diseases. 1923;(2):1—87.10.11.Nobechi K. Contributions to the knowledge of Vibrio cholera. I. Fermentation of carbohydrates and polyatomic alcohols by Vibrio cholerae. J Bacteriol. 1925;(10):197—215.12.13.Kabeshima T. “Cholera” culture base studies (First Report). Journal of Bacteriology [Saikin-gaku zasshi]. 1912;(199):346—371 (in Japanese).14.15.Aoki Y., Sasaki K. Bacterial types and antigenic structures of Cholera (recent progress and current outlook). Endemic diseases bulletin of Nagasaki University. [Nagasaki daigaku fūdo-byō kiyō]. 1961;(3):48—67 (in Japanese).16.17.Montero D. A., et al. Vibrio cholerae, classification, pathogenesis, immune response, and trends in vaccine development. Frontiers an Medicine. 2023;(10):115751. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.115575118.19.Nobechi K. On the problem of the type of “Cholera” Bacteria. Journal of the Japanese Society for Infectious Diseases. [Nippon chishi-sei shikkan gakkai-shi]. 1930;(5):1—28 (in Japanese).20.21.Aoki Y. A request for unification in type and antigen designations of Vibrio cholera. Japan Journal of Microbiology. 1962;(6):79—82.22.23.Venkatraman K. V., Pandit C. G. An epidemic of cholera in a rural area in South India caused by the “Ogawa” type of V. cholerae. Indian Journal of medical researches. 1938;(25):585.24.25.Yutaka K. Some observations on the properties of Cholera. Japanese Journal of Bacteriology. [Nipon saikin-gaku zasshi].26.1954;(9):147—152 (in Japanese).27.28.Takagi I. Comparative study of immunity between cholera vaccine and sensitizing vaccine. Journal of the Institute of Infectious Diseases. [Densen-byō kenkyū-sho gakuyū-kai zasshi]. 1918;(2):98—112 (in Japanese).29.30.Takagi I. Cases of laboratory infection with pulmonary “plague”. Journal of the Japanese Society for Infectious Diseases. [Nippon chishi-sei shikkan gakkai-shi]. 1927;(2):55—59 (in Japanese).31.32.Takagi I. Tularemia. Journal of Experimental Medicine. [Jikken igaku zasshi]. 1922;(6):644—647 (in Japanese).33.34.Takagi I. On the carriers of the typhoid bacillus. Journal of the Japanese Society for Infectious Diseases. [Nipon chishi-sei shikkan gakkai-shi]. 1931;(5):851—897 (in Japanese).35.36.Nobechi A. Father. Nobechi Keizō. News from the Ancestors Memorial Museum. [Saki hito kinen-kanda yori]. 2005;(35):5.37.38.Odaka T. Institute of Infectious Diseases: The Pioneering Path of Modern Medicine. Tokyo: Gakkai shuppan sentā; 1992 (in Japanese).39.40.Nakano E. Meeting with Professor Keizō Nobechi. Journal of Kyōrin Medical Society. [Kyōrin igaku-kai zasshi]. 1978;(9):177 (in Japanese).41.42.Nobechi Keizō “Public Health Overview”. News from the Ancestors Memorial Museum. [Saki hito kinen-kanda yori]. 2020;(65):3.43.44.In Memory of Professor Nobechi Keizō. Journal of Kyōrin Medical Society. [Kyōrin igaku-kai zasshi]. 1978;(9):175 (in Japanese).45.46.Tanihara H. Ogai Mori, Shibasaburo Kitasato, and Jujiro Kawamoto: On academic conflict, academic cliques, and friendship. Ophthalmology. [Ganka]. 2013;(55):1—4 (in Japanese).47.48.Kitasato S. Fighting plague in Japan. Reprinted from the New York Medical Journal for July 7. New York: A. R. Elliot Publishing Co.; 1906.49.50.Nobechi K., et al. Around Professor Nobechi: Establishment of epidemiology and the founding of the Public Health Institute. Public Health. [Kōshū eisei]. 1960;(24):254—269 (in Japanese).