Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthBulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health2415-84102415-8429FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»280010.69541/NRIPH.2024.04.004Научная статьяStrategic tasks of countering health risks for the rural populationKalininskayaAleftina A.akalininskya@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6984-6536LazarevAndrey V.andrey.v.lazarev@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6574-7875ShlyaferSofia I.sofy@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-6111BalzamovaLidiya A.balzamova.lidiya@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-0416SmirnovAlexey A.alexsm-v@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0275-2893N. A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthFederal State Budgetary Institution «Central Research Institute of Organization and Informatization of Health Care of the Ministry of Health of Russia»IPO GBOU «Samara State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia271120244253106052025Copyright © 2025,2025<p>Purpose of the study. Develop strategic objectives for countering health risks for the rural population based on an analysis of the medical and demographic situation and morbidity of the rural population.<br />Methods and materials: analytical, statistical, data from Rosstat and the Federal State Budgetary Institution TsNIIOIZ of the Ministry of Health of Russia.</p>
<p>Over all 20 years (20032022) of the analysis, the mortality rate of the rural population was higher than that of the urban population; in the covid years (20202021) the figures increased, in 2022 they decreased and amounted to 13.8 and 12.6, respectively. . The birth rate of the rural population has been decreasing annually since 2013, in 2022 it was 8.8, lower than the urban population (8.9). The incidence rate (primary) of the rural population (in 2022) was 64755.2 per 100 thousand rural population, lower than in the Russian Federation as a whole (88748.500). Lower rates are associated with poor access to medical care for rural residents. During the pandemic years (20202022), the incidence (primary) decreased for all classes of diseases, except for respiratory diseases, while the 2022 indicators did not reach the level of 2019 (pre-Covid year), which is the result of deterioration in preventive and dispensary work with the village population. In 2022, an increase in the pandemic was noted; the incidence rate of COVID-19 in 2020 was 2151.900, in 2021 it increased to 6056.8 and in 2022 it increased to 6144.200. The results of the analysis indicate that the pandemic in the Russian Federation will not weaken in 2022. The ranking of primary incidence rates of COVID-19 by constituent entities of the Russian Federation (2022) showed a difference of 12.1 times, which requires an in-depth analysis of the current situation in the regions of the country. Confronting the challenges and threats associated with coronavirus infection determines the importance of strengthening dispensary work and rehabilitation of patients. At the same time, it is necessary to reform primary health care in organizational terms and in staffing.</p>rural healthcareprimary health care (PHC)rural populationmortalitymorbidity (general, primary)constituent entities of the Russian Federationdoctorsздравоохранение селапервичная медико-санитарная помощь (ПМСП)сельское населениесмертностьзаболеваемость (общая, первичная)субъекты РФврачи[Kalininskaya A.A., Vasiliev M.D., Lazarev A.V., Kizeev M.V. Medical and demographic indicators of the population over working age in the context of pension reform in the Russian Federation. Healthcare manager. [Menedzher zdravookhraneniya].2023;(1):50—59 (in Russian). DOI 10.21045/1811-0185-2023-1-50-59][Shlyafer S.I., Ivanova M.A. Hospitalized morbidity among the population older than working age in the Russian Federation. Advances in gerontology. [Uspekhi gerontologii]. 2016;29(5):690—694 (in Russian).][Kalininskaya A.A., Vasiliev M.D., Lazarev A.V., Kizeev M.V., Smirnov A.A. 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