Бюллетень Национального научно-исследовательского института общественного здоровья имени Н.А. СемашкоБюллетень Национального научно-исследовательского института общественного здоровья имени Н.А. Семашко2415-84102415-8429FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»297810.25742/NRIPH.2023.01.009Научная статьяСексуальное и репродуктивное здоровье трансгендерных и небинарных людей: тематический обзорКирей-СитниковаЯнаyana.kirey.sitnikova@gmail.comЕвразийская коалиция по здоровью, правам, гендерному и сексуальному многообразию, г. Таллинн, Эстония151220231536016102025Copyright © 2023, ФГБНУ Национальный НИИ Общественного здоровья имени Н.А. Семашко2023Трансгендерные люди (ТГЛ) — это люди, чья гендерная идентичность отличается от пола, приписанного им при рождении. Небинарные люди (НБЛ) — люди, имеющие небинарную гендерную идентичность (отличную от женской или мужской). В связи с нестандартным сочетанием гендерных и половых характеристик ТГЛ и НБЛ имеют специфические потребности в сфере сексуального и репродуктивного здоровья (СРЗ), которые остаются недостаточно изученными. Целью обзора является сбор литературных данных о СРЗ ТГЛ и НБЛ за исключением тем, связанных с ВИЧ/ИППП, информация по которым публиковалась ранее на русском. В результате поиска в базах PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science найдено 64 статьи, оставленные для обзора. ТГЛ и НБЛ имеют различные сексуальные ориентации и сексуальные практики. Их удовлетворённость сексуальной жизнью ниже по сравнению с общей популяцией, что связано с неприятием своего тела из-за гендерной дисфории, страхом отвержения со стороны партнёра и осложнениями после операций. Большинство отмечали сложности с поиском достоверной информации о СРЗ для лиц с их телами и идентичностями. Тестостерон не является надёжной формой контрацепции для лиц с приписанным женским полом; для многих выбор метода контрацепции был обусловлен опытом гендерной дисфории. Заместительная гормональная терапия и хирургические вмешательства ведут к снижению или потере фертильности, в связи с чем в ряде гендерных клиник пациентам предлагаются мероприятия по её сохранению. ТГЛ, как правило, пользовались вспомогательными репродуктивными технологиями, чтобы забеременеть. Беременность требовала отказа от приёма тестестерона и могла провоцировать гендерную дисфорию. Некоторым ТГЛ и НБЛ, забеременевшим случайно, требовались аборты. 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