<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1d1" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2415-8410</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2415-8429</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">3134</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.69541/NRIPH.2026.01.008</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Научная статья</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>University clinics in China: organizational models and role in the healthcare system</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chernyaev</surname><given-names>Mikhail Viktorovich</given-names></name><bio></bio><email>mikhailcherniaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff-1">RUDN University, Moscow, Russian Federation</aff><aff id="aff-2">FGBU «NMIC TPM» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation</aff><pub-date date-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>62</lpage><history><pub-date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 1970,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1970</copyright-year></permissions><abstract>The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the organizational models of university clinics in the Peoples Republic of China based on a study of eight leading medical centers for the period 2020—2025. The key characteristics of the integration of medical education, scientific research and clinical practice are investigated. Financing systems, publication activity, and the role in the national health system are considered. Four main organizational models have been identified: full integration with the university, an autonomous model with elements of public-private partnership, a network model of distributed integration, and a specialized military medical model. Special attention is paid to advances in transplantation, gene therapy and digital transformation. The prospects of adapting the Chinese experience for the development of academic medical clusters in the Russian Federation are determined.</abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>university clinics, education in China, medicine in China, academic medical cluster</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>университетские клиники, образование в Китае, медицина в Китае, академический медицинский кластер</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chen K, Yao Q, Sun J, He ZF, Yao L, Liu ZY. International publication trends and collaboration performance of China in healthcare science and services research. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2016;5:1. DOI: 10.1186/s13584-016-0061-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Yu M, He S, Wu D, Zhu H, Webster C. Examining the Multi-Scalar Unevenness of High-Quality Healthcare Resources Distribution in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(16):2813. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162813</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Xu J, Jian W, Zhu K, Kwon S, Fang H. Rating Hospital Performance in China: Review of Publicly Available Measures and Development of a Ranking System. J Med Internet Res. 2019;21(10):e14635. DOI: 10.2196/14635</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Wu Y, Zhang Z, Zhao N, Yan Y, Zhao L, Song Q, et al. Primary health care in China: A decade of development after the 2009 health care reform. Health Care Sci. 2022;1(3):146—159. DOI: 10.1002/hcs2.14</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Z, et al. Features of colorectal cancer in China stratified by anatomic sites: A hospital-based study conducted in university-affiliated hospitals from 2014 to 2018. Chin J Cancer Res. 2021;33(4):530—540.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang Y, et al. Comprehensive multi-omics profiling identifies novel molecular subtypes of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Discov. 2023;9:89. DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00605-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Wong CW, et al. Introduction to the Department of Cardiology in West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(22):2148—2149. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Zeng L, et al. Novel coronavirus infection during the 2019—2020 epidemic: preparing intensive care units—the experience in Sichuan Province, China. Crit Care. 2020;24:23. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2754-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Wang Z, et al. A rapid expansion of hospitals: the adaptation of multi-campus hospitals under the Chinese healthcare system. Front Health Serv. 2023;3:1226355. DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1226355</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Li M, et al. Patients&amp;apos; and Care Professionals&amp;apos; Evaluation of the Effect of a Hospital Group on Integrated Care in Chinese Urban Health Systems: A Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-differences Regression Approach. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2023;12:7397. DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7397</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Shanafelt TD, et al. Burnout in Academic Physicians. Acad Med. 2023;98(6):724—732. DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000005199</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Zhou X, et al. Establishment of research-oriented hospital: an important way for translational medicine development in China. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2015;87(2):1035—1043. DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765-2015-20130458</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Meng Z, et al. Implementation of Online Hospitals and Factors Influencing the Adoption of Mobile Medical Services in China: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR mHealth uHealth. 2021;9(2):e25960. DOI: 10.2196/25960</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Wang L, et al. Policies, Progress, and Prospects for Internet Telemedicine in China. Health Policy Technol. 2024;13(4):100891. DOI: 10.1080/23288604.2024.2389570</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Guo H, et al. Entry-Level Forward Surgical Team Training in 5th Grade Students of Second Military Medical University of the Chinese People&amp;apos;s Liberation Army. Mil Med Res. 2017;4:10. DOI: 10.1186/s40779-017-0109-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Framework for the evaluation of military health systems. J R Army Med Corps. 2021;167(3):196—203. DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2020-001699</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Meng Q, et al. The temporal and spatial interpretation of China&amp;apos;s health financing: what do Chinese&amp;apos; government &amp;apos;do&amp;apos; in new healthcare reform? Front Public Health. 2024;12:1445912. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1445912</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Xu J, et al. An overview of the Chinese healthcare system. SAGE Open Med. 2020;8:2050312120952696. DOI: 10.1177/2050312120952696</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Lei L, Siyu Z. Characteristics of retracted publications by authors from China and their relationships with retracting journals featured in biomedicine and life sciences. Scientometrics. 2018;117:1843—1857. DOI: 10.1007/s11192-018-2945-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Fan J, et al. Quality problems of clinical trials in China: evidence from quality related studies. Trials. 2022;23:343. DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06281-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang X, et al. Addressing the Licensed Doctor Maldistribution in China: A Demand-And-Supply Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(10):1773. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101773</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
