Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health
Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health publishes the Scientific Journal «Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»
FSSBI «N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health»
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of the first publication. The article simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work’s authorship and initial publication in this journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access). By submitting the article and accompanying files (hereinafter – the “Work”) the author (all the authors of the work, if it is created in co-authorship) agrees that he provides OAO Izdatelstvo Meditsina exclusive and perpetual right to use the work free of charge (exclusive, perpetual and royalty-free license) on the territory of Russia and foreign countries in the following ranges and volume: the publication of works on paper and / or electronic format, producing reprints of works, placing it on the Internet, both in the open and paid access, sending works metadata or full text indexing to various databases and repositories; reproduction of the work, i.e. the production of one or more copies of a work or part thereof in any material form, including in the form of audio or video recording. Recording on electronic media, including recording in computer memory, is also considered as a reproduction; distribution of works through sale or other alienation of its original or copies; public display of the work, that is, any demonstration of the original or copy of a work, either directly or on the screen using film, slide, television pictures or other technical means, as well as a demonstration of individual frames of an audiovisual work without concern for their order, either directly or with the help of technical means in a place open for free visits, or in a place where a significant number of individuals do not belong to the normal family, regardless of the perceived in the place of its display or elsewhere at the same time demonstrating product; import-export of the work or its parts for any lawful purpose (paid and gratis); translation or other processing of the works; bringing the work to the public so that anyone can access the work from any place and at any time of their choice; accommodation of works or parts thereof in a variety of collections of similar works; granting of rights in full or in part to third (physical and legal) persons at both the paid and free of charge. Author’s items are not provided. The title is available by subscription.
On the detection of CKD in children within the framework of mandatory preventive examinations
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of detecting chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children as part of mandatory preventive examinations. A retrospective analysis of 310 outpatient cards of children with CKD from two children's clinics in Moscow was conducted. The study groups were divided by the degree of preventive examination: fully (≥90% of events), partially (50—90%) and not completed (&lt;50%). The stages of CKD at the time of detection were assessed, as well as key risk factors: congenital malformations of the urinary system (CMU), proteinuria, arterial hypertension (AH) and recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). In children who underwent a full examination, CKD at stages 1—2 was detected in 88.2% of cases, while in the group without examination — only in 72.2%. At late stages (4—5), the disease was diagnosed in 0.8% with a full examination versus 17.8% without it. The main risk factors for CKD were: congenital malformations of the compulsory medical insurance (66.7%), recurrent UTIs (73.3%), proteinuria (17.5%), hypertension (15.8%). Conclusions: 1. Compliance with the regulations for preventive examinations significantly increases the detection of CKD in the early stages. 2. The presence of congenital malformations of the compulsory medical insurance, proteinuria and recurrent UTIs allows the formation of risk groups for in-depth examination.
Copyright (c) 2025 ФГБНУ Национальный НИИ Общественного здоровья имени Н.А. Семашко https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Emotional intelligence of managers in the healthcare system: results of a cross-sectional study
Introduction. Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most valuable resources of managers who increase the level of motivation of the team, prevent burnout and are able to influence the quality of medical care. This study aims to study the level of EI among managers in the healthcare system and identify the factors that influence it. Materials and methods. The study was conducted within the framework of a cross-sectional design using standardized questionnaires to assess EI, the level of emotional burnout and leadership qualities of managers in the medical system: the D. V. Lyusin EI questionnaire, the C. D. Spielberger—Yu. L. Khanin anxiety scale and the Zharikov—Krushelnitsky leadership qualities test. Statistical processing was carried out using MS Excel and jamovi. Results. A total of 44 heads of the healthcare system participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 44.9 ± 8.1 years; 81.8% were women. The median of the total EI index is 88.5 (80.8—95.0), which corresponds to a medium-high level. The average values of situational anxiety were 37 (34—42.3) points, personal anxiety — 48 (46—50.3) points. Gender, age, place of residence, marital status, and financial status did not significantly affect EI. According to the leadership qualities questionnaire, the average score was 29 (26—33). 11 people (25%) have weak leadership qualities, 29 people (65.9%) have moderate leadership qualities, and 4 people (9.1%) have strong leadership qualities. Gender, age, place of residence, marital status, the presence of chronic diseases and the level of financial security did not affect the EI indicators. The presence of children, favorable living conditions, and the fact of studying under health organization programs had a positive impact on the sub-schools. A positive correlation was also established between length of service and MP (r=0.452, p=0.002). Conclusions. Medical leaders demonstrate generally developed EI, which is closely related to the manifestation of leadership qualities, while traditional demographic parameters have no influence. The formation of a favorable organizational climate, targeted training programs for managers and the development of self-regulation skills increase the level of EI and, consequently, the effectiveness of management. It is recommended to integrate emotional competence training into professional development systems and expand research on the impact of EI on the performance of medical organizations.
Organizational reserves for preserving the health of children in the profile «Neurology» living in rural areas
The volume indicators of the organization of medical care for children with diseases of the nervous system were studied in order to select areas for its improvement. The data analysis was performed using the Python 3.8 programming language with the pandas, scipy and scikit-learn libraries. A later neurological status was identified among children living in remote settlements from large cities in the Orenburg region.
Health economic assessment of hospitalizations in older adults with frailty
Frailty is a significant medical and social issue driven by increased life expectancy and population aging. Frailty leads to reduced functional capacity, decreased quality of life, and a higher risk of adverse outcomes, including disability and mortality. The development program for geriatric services in Russia is accompanied by financial and organizational changes in the procedures for providing medical care to patients with frailty, which necessitates a dynamic medico-economic evaluation of the effectiveness of implemented measures. However, the scientific literature provides limited data on the medico-economic aspects of developing organizational approaches to the treatment of patients with this condition. Purpose of the study. To analyze the medical and economic characteristics of hospitalizations among older adults with frailty within selected clinical and statistical groups of the compulsory health insurance program. Materials and methods: The study included data on 8391 hospitalizations of patients aged 60 years and older who received inpatient treatment at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Hospital for War Veterans in 2024. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of the diagnosis R54 Senility Frailty. The analysis included length of stay, structure of hospitalizations, and discharge diagnoses. Results: The average length of stay for patients with frailty was 12.1±2.8 days, compared to 11.6±4.5 days for patients without the diagnosis, showing an increase of 0.5 days p&lt;0.001. The largest differences in hospital stay duration were observed in surgical and cardiology departments — 2 and 1 additional bed-days, respectively p&lt;0.001. Among patients aged 90 and older, frailty was associated with an increase in hospitalization duration of 1.7 days, highlighting the particular impact of frailty in the oldest age group p&lt;0.001. Conclusion: Frailty in geriatric patients is associated with increased hospitalization duration, underscoring the need for additional financial resources to support their treatment and care.
Promising directions of health monitoring
A review of the literature on the problem of health monitoring has been conducted: the shortcomings of routine methods have been analyzed, and promising areas of health monitoring using modern technologies based on automated processing of data from the unified state information system in the healthcare sector have been presented. The rationale for including additional indicators in the health monitoring system, such as the critical level of comorbidity and the profile of systemic hemodynamics, has been provided.
Data management in a medical organization using a single scientific and clinical module
Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of a specialized integrated module for solving scientific and practical tasks in data management in a medical organization. The aim of the study: to develop an information and analytical system that combines clinical and scientific developments intended for doctors and researchers to ensure accessibility, continuity of knowledge and improve the quality of medical care and data management in a medical organization. Materials and methods. During the study, clinical data on the profile of «Otolaryngology» were studied at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation», and the «Clinical Information System» of the automated information system of the city of Moscow «Unified Medical Information and Analytical System of the City of Moscow» was also used. Results and discussion. In the course of the conducted research, the structure of physical interaction of nodes of the information and analytical system of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as a service integration bus with databases of integrated clinical and scientific data, allowing to combine and visualize data in this module, were developed. The developed module allows to continuously update knowledge taking into account the clinical and scientific database. The presented database integrates clinical cases and results of scientific research, updated in real time. Conclusion. A single scientific and clinical module for data management in a medical organization can be used in various areas of clinical medicine and allows to continuously update theoretical knowledge in the field of science and practice and apply them in order to ensure continuity of medical care and training of specialists in Healthcare, as well as automation of processes in the scientific and clinical sphere.
Human resource policy in dentistry: analysis of regional practices (on the example of Moscow)
Introduction. Human resources are the most important component of the domestic health care system. However, in recent years, insufficient attention has been paid to the human resources of health care in dentistry. This article deals with the issues of staffing of the city of Moscow with dentists. The results of a comprehensive analysis of the number and structure of dentists in the city of Moscow are presented. The issues of public and private medical organisations in dentistry are highlighted. Objective. To analyse the main indicators of medical personnel supply to the population and medical organizations providing dental care. Material and methods. The data provided by the health care authorities of Moscow city and the Russian Federation as a whole were analysed, electronic resources in the Internet were studied. Results and discussion: The results obtained in the course of this study showed that in the city of Moscow there is a staff surplus and an oversupply of dentists and medical organisations providing dental care. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the need to improve the human resources policy in dentistry in Russia.
The principle of diagnostic-related groups in the healthcare system of the Kyrgyz Republic
The paper analyzes the development of the Clinical Cost Groups (DRG) system in the Kyrgyz Republic as a key instrument for inpatient care financing. The study covers the period from 1997 to the present and is based on anonymized data from the CHIF Treated Case database (2.87 million hospital episodes, 2015—2018). Cost weights (CW) were calculated, and independent clustering was applied to assess clinical homogeneity. The overlap between natural clusters and assigned DRGs exceeded 80 %, confirming the model’s validity. Case examples from respiratory diseases and obstetrics show alignment between CW and national clinical guidelines. The introduction of new surgical and non-surgical classifiers (2020—2021) improved coding accuracy and cost analysis. Integration of DRGs into the CHIF tariff formula enabled a shift to clinically and economically justified hospital payment mechanisms.
Assessment of food preferences of employees working in harmful labour conditions
Introduction. Poor nutrition is a key risk factor for diet-related diseases. This study aimed to assess the food preferences of employees in the energy sector of the Ural Federal District working under harmful and acceptable labor conditions. Materials and methods. In 2022—2023, 4653 employees were surveyed, with data analyzed using IBM SPSS and R. Results. Polarization of dietary behavior was observed: under harmful conditions, consumption of fruits/vegetables (5—6 servings: 4.91% to 8.26%) and fatty foods (3—4 servings: 12.39% to 19.27%) increased. Managers reduced bread/cereal intake (5—6 servings: 5.83% to 1.11%). Conclusions. The study revealed a link between labor conditions and dietary preferences: under harmful conditions, simultaneous increases in fruit/vegetable and energy-dense food consumption reflect attempts to mitigate stress and occupational risks. Managers showed a shift toward reducing carbohydrates and adopting functional foods. The findings highlight the need for targeted workplace nutrition programs. Limitations. Limitations include self-report bias and the lack of socioeconomic factor analysis.
Features of the legal regulation of the quality of trauma care in inpatient settings
The article analyzes the problems of legal regulation of the provision of specialized, including high-tech trauma care. The main focus is on assessing the overlap or differences in the regulation of the same aspects of trauma care by various regulatory acts. For example, this concerns the procedure for referring patients to hospital, which is reflected in one way or another in a number of orders of the Russian Ministry of Health. In addition, the article examines changes in a significant part of the documents under consideration related to the entry into force of a large number of new regulatory legal acts replacing the previously existing ones. In this regard, the implementation of the regulatory guillotine is assessed on the positive side, which, by setting deadlines for the validity of regulatory legal acts, leads to the need to update them taking into account current legislation.
The need for medical support for professional drivers
The article presents data from foreign researchers on the negative impact of professional activities of drivers, associated with numerous risk factors affecting their physical and psychological health, as well as road safety. These risks require a systematic approach to prevention and medical support focused on the realities of the professional environment. Priority is given to investments in healthcare, the introduction of supporting technologies and the social protection of workers. The article emphasizes that only a synergic approach combining medical support, organizational changes and consideration of professional realities can ensure sustainable improvement in the health of professional drivers, improve road safety and strengthen public health in general.
Comprehensive analysis of the list of high-tech medical care methods in regard to the possibilities of implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization
The objective of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the list of high-tech medical care methods for the possibility of implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization. An analysis of three lists of high-tech medical care types was performed. From all three listed lists of high-tech medical care methods, those methods that are of interest for implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization are selected. According to these methods, the high-tech medical care group number, the name of the high-tech medical care type, ICD-10 codes, patient model, type of treatment, treatment method, and the standard financial costs per unit of medical care in rubles are transferred to an electronic table in a structured format. The highest average value of the standard financial costs in rubles is characterized by the «gastroenterology» profile — 2,509,559.00 rubles and a standard deviation of 33,640.00 rubles. The second place by the average value of the standard financial costs in rubles is occupied by the profile «dermatovenereology» — 1,845,553.89 rubles and the standard deviation is 561,076.14 rubles. The third place by the average value of the standard financial costs in rubles is occupied by the profile «obstetrics and gynecology» — 1,631,362.78 rubles and the standard deviation is 1,672,043.48 rubles. A high standard of financial costs can serve as an incentive for a multidisciplinary medical organization to implement high-tech medical care methods due to high profitability in order to achieve a positive financial result in the activities of a medical organization. Thus, in the course of this study, a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the list of high-tech medical care methods was developed and proposed for the possibility of implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization based on, among other things, financial indicators.
Horizontal and vertical connections of a district therapist as an element of the medical position profile in organizational adaptation of young specialists
In the work of a district internist, there is a need to interact with colleagues (horizontal connections) and higher-level officials (vertical connections). It is extremely important to form a correct understanding of intra-organizational interactions among young specialists during their introduction to a medical position. The nature and intensity of such connections, as an element of the profile of the medical position at the VTU of the state healthcare institution Polyclinic No. 2 in Volgograd, were analyzed in order to improve the organizational adaptation of novice specialists to a new workplace. 61 district internists with varying levels of work experience were interviewed. Current intra-organizational interactions were characterized, and statistical processing of the results was performed.
The effect of changes in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the colon on the cost of medical care
Colorectal cancer screening is considered to be one of the most effective (cost-effective, in particular) cancer screenings. The aim of the study was to assess the change in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the colon in the subjects of the Russian Federation with a high incidence rate and to assess the demand for financial resources for medical care according to clinical recommendations for the period from 2011 to 2023. As a result of the study, it was shown that in all the analyzed subjects there is an increase in morbidity, especially considering the number of malignant neoplasm cases detected at stage I. At the same time, there is no proportional decrease in the number of malignant neoplasm cases detected at stages III and IV, which require large financial resources in providing medical care. Thus, in order to maintain the availability of medical care for malignant neoplasms of the colon, an increase in its financing is required.
On the issue of life expectancy indicators
One of the strategic national priorities is to save the people of Russia, which is ensured, among other things, by increasing life expectancy. The strategic planning documents define not only «Life expectancy at birth», but also «Life expectancy at birth of the rural population», «Differentiation of life expectancy at birth between urban and rural populations» and «Healthy life expectancy», and approved methods for calculating them. The study revealed similar trends in the dynamics of life expectancy indicators for the period 1990—2023 (along with the obvious periods of decline in life expectancy at birth and life expectancy at birth of rural populations in 1990—2010 and 2021—2022, there is a differentiation of life expectancy at birth of women and men in 1990—2010. and 2022—2023, as well as the differentiation of life expectancy at birth between urban and rural populations, the highest values in 2005—2015), and the ranking made it possible to determine the subjects of the Russian Federation with the maximum and minimum values of life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy for the period 2019—2023. In addition, the results of Selective monitoring of the health status of the population for the period 2019—2024, used in calculating healthy life expectancy, are analyzed.
Development of a new organizational technology for patient routing in the provision of medical care using radiation therapy and diagnostics methods
The aim of the study was to develop a new organizational technology for patient routing when providing medical care using radiation therapy methods. The development of the organizational technology was carried out in several stages. At the first stage a content analysis of existing regulatory legal acts governing the routing of patients with oncological diseases for radiation therapy and radiological diagnostics at the federal level as well as regulatory legal acts of the city of Moscow was conducted. At the second stage based on the selected factors determining the routing of patients with oncological diseases for radiation therapy and radiological diagnostics an expert assessment and ranking of these factors were performed. A total of 14 experts participated in the study. At the third stage expert group meetings were held to adjust and validate the proposed elements of the organizational technology for patient routing when providing medical care using radiation therapy and diagnostics. The developed organizational technology is used to improve the temporal and volumetric accessibility of medical care using radiation therapy methods within a private medical organization — the Moscow International Cancer Center (MICC). The MICC is part of the territorial program of compulsory health insurance in Moscow and several neighboring subjects of the Russian Federation and provides medical care using radiation therapy methods to patients from these subjects of the Russian Federation funded by compulsory health insurance. The developed new organizational technology for patient routing when providing medical care using radiation therapy and diagnostics includes 5 elements: (A) Mechanism for routing patients to the radionuclide diagnostics department; (B) Mechanism for routing patients to the radionuclide therapy department; (C) Mechanism for routing patients to the radiation therapy department; (D) Mechanism for routing patients to the radiological diagnostics department; (E) Administrative regulation for managing patient flows using an information system. This structure of the organizational technology ensures that the specifics of each structural unit are taken into account and allows for the most efficient use of each department to increase the throughput capacity of the Moscow International Cancer Center (MICC).
Results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of the implementation of a comprehensive organizational technology for the early detection of malignant neoplasms in children and the routing of children in the regions of the Russian Federation
A retrospective analytical study was conducted to assess the impact of the implemented comprehensive organizational technology on the indicators of detection (incidence) and in-hospital mortality from oncological diseases in children across the regions. Primary data were obtained through a depersonalized extraction from the hospital-based cancer registry. The inclusion criteria for the analysis were: a diagnosis of an oncological disease (solid malignant neoplasms, benign neoplasms, hemoblastoses), patient age (children), and belonging to the regions supervised by this center and included in the organizational experiment for technology implementation. The total analyzed sample size comprised 4,952 records for the period from 2018 to 2024. The results of the implementation of the comprehensive organizational technology in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation indicate its medical effectiveness, which is manifested by statistically significant improvements in a number of key indicators. First, a reliable increase in the growth rates of detection (primary incidence) was recorded: in 2023 and 2024 relative to the baseline year 2019, the increase was 159.13% and 187.55%, respectively, which significantly exceeds the pre-implementation period indicator for 2020 (37.46%; p=0.0017). Second, a significant increase in the rate of reduction of in-hospital mortality from childhood cancer was noted—in 2024, the reduction reached 27.78% compared to 18.84% in 2020 (p=0.0397). Furthermore, the implementation of the technology contributed to improved accessibility of medical care: the waiting times for hospitalization of children with malignant neoplasms decreased from 7±1.2 days in 2019 to 3±0.8 days in 2023. An increase in the volume of high-tech care was also observed, as illustrated by the rise in the number of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations from 728 in 2019 to 858 in 2023.
Structural analysis of the Diabetes mellitus federal target program implemented in 2002—2012
The aim of this study was to conduct a structural analysis of the federal target program «Diabetes Mellitus», implemented in 2002—2012. This study used materials from the official portal «Federal Target Programs of Russia» https://fcp.economy.gov.ru/, namely, the data available on the portal on the subprogram «Diabetes Mellitus» of the Federal Target Program «Prevention and Control of Socially Significant Diseases (2002—2006)» and the data on the subprogram «Diabetes Mellitus» of the Federal Target Program «Prevention and Control of Socially Significant Diseases (2007—2012)». It was established that the largest volume of financial support was in 2011 in the amount of 21,112 million rubles, and the smallest volume of financial support was in 2008 in the amount of 11,360 million rubles (Figure 1) and in 2002 — 11,070 million rubles, and taking into account inflation, the minimum volume of financial support was in 2008. The largest total volume of financial support was for the event to provide patients with diabetes mellitus with drugs, including insulin, tableted hypoglycemic agents, namely 15,745.545 million rubles for 2002—2006, which corresponds to 60.88% of the total volume of financial support for the entire subprogram for 2002—2006. The growth rate of the average life expectancy of patients with type II diabetes mellitus was 3.18% (from 69.2 years in 2007 to 71.4 years in 2012) for men and 2.23% (from 71.6 years in 2007 to 73.2 years in 2012) for women, which is an extremely significant increase.
The relationship between mental (mental, cognitive) health and healthy longevity of the population abroad: a literature review
This review is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between mental and cognitive health and indicators of healthy longevity in the elderly. In accordance with international standards of systematic reviews, literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka and RSCI using the key terms: «mental health», «mental health», «cognitive functions», «healthy longevity». After selection and quality assessment, the analysis included 18 of the most representative papers (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and original research) from the United States, China, and India. The results showed that psychosocial and cognitive factors play a key role in ensuring healthy aging. Digital therapeutic platforms demonstrate effectiveness in reducing loneliness among the elderly, but require adaptation for people with low digital literacy. Significant differences in mental health between urban and rural residents have been identified. Cognitive resilience is closely related to education, social engagement, and prevention of chronic diseases.
Medico-social work on the development of integrated verbal and non-verbal communication of employees with hearing impairments in inclusive workplaces
The article is devoted to the analysis of medical and social work aimed at developing integrated verbal and non-verbal communications of employees with hearing impairments in the context of inclusive employment. Based on the concept of inclusive employment, which views the workplace as a platform for the joint participation of people with different abilities, and on the basis of in-depth semi-structured interviews with experts, the article proposes key areas of medical and social work: psychological support, training in communication strategies, creating an inclusive environment, improving staff competence, mentoring, and systematic monitoring. It is concluded that the development of integrated verbal and non-verbal communication among employees with hearing impairments in inclusive workplaces is both an applied task and a sociological discourse on the processes of inclusion as a form of social integration.
The potential of gerontology-oriented mobile applications for visually impaired patients in a metropolis
The article presents an analysis of the potential of gerontological-oriented mobile applications as a tool for supporting visually impaired elderly patients in a megacity. Based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews with experts, it was determined that specialized digital solutions adapted to the sensory and cognitive characteristics of elderly users contribute to expanding their social activity, forming new practices of interaction with the urban environment, and reducing the risks of isolation. The article concludes that gerontological-oriented technologies are essential elements of the sociotechnological infrastructure of a megacity. The article proposes potential directions for the functioning of mobile applications to provide navigation, maintain cognitive activity, strengthen communication, and increase security and access to the architectural and social infrastructure of the metropolis.
Justification for the introduction of the position of pediatric pathologist
The pathoanatomical service plays an important role in the diagnosis of pathological processes. The work of a pathoanatomist requires a vast amount of knowledge, constant professional self-improvement, emotional stability, and high responsibility. The in-life and post-mortem diagnosis of children differs significantly from the diagnosis of the adult population. Currently, due to the adoption of the Family and Demographic Policy Strategy for the period up to 2036 and the opening of new perinatal centers, the role of the pathoanatomist in perinatal diagnostics is increasing. Unfortunately, according to the approved professional standard «pathologist» and the approved nomenclature of medical positions by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, every pathologist must perform autopsies and conduct histological examinations of both children and adults. This significantly increases the workload of the pathologist and reduces the quality of research.
Medical and social well-being of the elderly as a factor in healthy longevity
The article explores the medical and social well-being of the elderly as a key factor for healthy longevity. Based on the analysis of semi-structured expert interviews, the main challenges are identified, including limited access to healthcare, social isolation, and inadequate infrastructure. Various models of medical and social support (Scandinavian, European, North American, Asian) are examined, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations for improving elderly care systems are provided, such as enhancing geriatric services, strengthening social programs, and creating safe environments.
L. A. Favorova's contribution to the development of Russian epidemiology
Based on the study of literary materials, archival documents, memoirs of colleagues and laboratory staff, the article presents for the first time a detailed scientific biography of a prominent figure of Russian medicine, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Lidia Alexandrovna Favorova. The role of Professor L. V. Gromashevsky in the formation of L. A. Favorova as a researcher is noted. The importance of L. A. Favorova's research for the study and control of meningococcal infection is highlighted. Her participation in the development and implementation of a modern system of epidemiological surveillance of infections is indicated.
Social Dentistry in Soviet Russia and the Weimar Republic
This article explores the history of the concept of «social dentistry» in both the Weimar Republic and the RSFSR during the 1920s. It examines the relationship between social hygiene and dentistry in these countries. Additionally, it highlights the significant role of P. G. Dauge in promoting the idea of «social dentistry» in the RSFSR. The work also includes an overview of key publications from the Weimar Republic and the RSFSR related to social dentistry.
Treatment of Peritonitis: from the past to the present (literature Review)
The article is devoted to the history of the treatment of peritonitis, an urgent problem in surgery and a potentially fatal disease. It describes the key stages of the development of views on providing assistance for this pathology from antiquity to the present day, highlights significant discoveries that influenced the choice of methods for the treatment of peritonitis, including the development of endovideosurgery. The stages of improvement of such a treatment method as laparostomy are reflected, and changes in approaches to the treatment of this disease are analyzed. The article discusses the establishment of medical schools, the impact of the discovery of antibiotics and sulfanilamides on the treatment of peritonitis, and the role of anesthesiology, resuscitation, and intensive care in shaping modern approaches to the treatment of patients with abdominal surgical infections.
Professor Yuri Sergeyevich Churilov: versatility of talent and outstanding contribution to human anatomy
The article is devoted to a very versatile scientist who, while working in medical and pedagogical universities, has achieved success in various fields of knowledge. This is Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Yuri Sergeyevich Churilov, who retains amazing vigor, energy and optimism at the end of the ninth decade of his life. His main achievements in science should be considered the results of anatomical research, which were highly appreciated by his contemporaries. The article is written in connection with the upcoming 95th anniversary of the Ural State Medical University and its Department of Human Anatomy in 2026, to which Professor Y. N. Churilov devoted 20 years of his long and fruitful life.
Participation of V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky in the creation of the medical faculty of the Turkestan State University in 1919—1920
The article describes the participation of Professor V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky (Saint Luke) in the creation of the medical faculty of the Turkestan State University, analyzes his addresses to future doctors at the opening of the Higher Medical School in Tashkent in the light of his medical ethics and ideas about the appointment of a doctor. Data from previously unknown documents from 1919 are provided.
The puzzle as a gamification technology for popularizing scientific museum collections
In the context of digital transformation and an information environment oversaturated with content, museums face the challenge of maintaining relevance. Gamification is one of the effective tools for addressing this challenge. The article examines successful examples of gamification in museum practice, such as quests and quizzes, using the example of Russian museums. The main focus of the work is on the experience of the Russian Museum of Medicine and the series of online games developed by its staff based on Soviet agitational posters «Windows of Satire ROSTA». The authors highlight the core principles underlying the development: interdisciplinarity, establishing connections between history and the present, as well as between Russian and international experience in the fields of public health education and epidemic control.