The purpose of the study: to study the awareness of district therapists and general practitioners about the significance, indicators and frequency of the function of external respiration in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on an outpatient basis. The study involved 73 primary care physicians: 41 district therapists and 32 general practitioners from the Moscow and Moscow region. All participants in the study were questioned on the knowledge of the main indicators of spirometry; rules for spirometry and the frequency of use of peakflowmetry on an outpatient basis. Primary care physicians do not fully understand the interpretation of indicators of the function of external respiration, and especially the technique of performing spirometry and peakflowmetry on an outpatient basis. Awareness of general practitioners on the interpretation of indicators and the rules for spirometry is better than that of district therapists. Most primary care physicians do not perform peakflowmetry at the reception (85.0%) and do not appoint patients for self-monitoring on an outpatient basis (82.2%). The objective reason why peak flow metering is not performed at a doctor’s appointment is the lack of equipment for doctor’s offices with peakflowmeters. The subjective reasons why peak flow measurement is not performed at the reception and is not prescribed to patients as a method of self-monitoring are the lack of knowledge of doctors and their erroneous opinions.