The medical societies of Saratov (physico−medical and sanitary) were the first to pay attention to the consistently high incidence of social diseases (tuberculosis, venereal diseases and alcoholism) at the turn of the XIX — XX centuries, and then the zemstvo and private practitioners of the province. The active activity of the members of the Saratov sanitary society prompted in 1901 to create a committee to combat tuberculosis, thanks to which seasonal sanatoriums and outpatient clinics were opened, the production of koumiss was organized, pavilions were opened for its implementation and treatment of patients. To combat drunkenness and alcoholism, representatives of the intelligentsia organized a Society for Sober and Improved Life in 1894, and in 1904, with the joint participation of representatives of the authorities, the Physico-Medical Society and the city Committee of the Guardianship of People's Sobriety, a hospital for alcoholics was established. In 1905, by permission of the medical board of the Saratov Provincial Board, private practitioners opened private hospitals for skin, venereal and genitourinary diseases. In addition, the medical community and doctors conducted large-scale sanitary and educational work among the population of the region aimed at combating and carrying out measures to prevent social diseases.