This article is devoted to the study of the formation of a sanitary control system on the Russian-Chinese border in the Amur region at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The author examines the complex process of forming sanitary policy in the context of rapid economic and cultural exchange caused by active migration, intensive trade, and the construction of railways in the Far East. It is emphasized that the complexity and scale of the sanitary problem forced the Russian leadership to quickly adapt new international standards of infectious disease control and initiate close cooperation with Chinese colleagues to create effective joint sanitary posts. It is noted that the consequences of the plague and cholera epidemics in the regions along the Argun, Amur, and Ussuri rivers were a catalyst for the formation of a public health system. The article reflects the complex balance between economic ties and the protection of public health, highlighting the process of forming an effective sanitary infrastructure in the Far East.

epidemics, Far East, China, border, sanitation.