Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health

The publication presents the medical care volume indicators dynamics and their value dynamics. Oncology knee fund development planned-normative and actual indicators comparison showed the significant discrepancies of these data. At the same time planned indicators are characterized by a significant range of fluctuations, not justified neither by morbidity, nor by technologies of medical and diagnostic process, and actual data are stepwise changes, which are not related to planned data in any way. Oncologists normative number of positions differs in the number of simultaneous normative and legal documents on work: orders on the procedures for providing medical care and provisions on organizations for providing primary health care both by the name of the indicator and by its value. Calculations using orders of procedure show excess of the normative oncologists number compared to their actual number, and when applying orders of situation, on the contrary, the actual number of posts exceeds the norm. The authors reasonably concluded that we have the need to amend the territorial program of state guarantees, which defines planned and normative data on the volume of oncology medical care, and in documents establishing the normative number of oncologists positions.

The article presents data on the socio-hygienic and socio-psychological characteristics of the population of reproductive age with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of its development. Objective: to study the frequency and structure of various socio-hygienic and socio-psychological characteristics in a population of reproductive age, taking into account metabolic status. 400 women and men of reproductive age (100 people in each group) were studied by the method of selective observation: group 1 - women with no risk factors for T2DM Group 2 - women with risk factors, but with normoglycemia 3 group - patients with realized risk of prediabetes Group 4 - individuals with type 2 diabetes. The results of the study show the importance of developing organizational measures to improve premorbial prevention of this pathology, taking into account the state of socio-hygienic, psychological, somatic and reproductive status preventive awareness, compliance with prevention, medical activity and lifestyle.

We set a goal to analyze the prevalence of self-treatment in older age groups. To achieve this goal, the results of an anonymous survey of 1045 persons of study age were analyzed. The questionnaire included questions about the possibility of self-treatment and compliance with the doctors recommendations on the frequency, regularity of visits and taking medicines. As a result, there is evidence that in older age groups, the practice of self-treatment is quite widespread, both among men and women, but with increasing age, strict adherents of the method of self-treatment becomes less. Optional use of self-treatment methods for conditions that, in their opinion, do not require access to qualified medical care is practiced by more than half of men and women of older age groups. If we exclude those respondents who admitted that they always or at least sometimes self-medicate and, accordingly, can not and do not want to carefully carry out doctors appointments, then among the remaining almost a third of respondents admitted that they violated the recommendations given to them in the provision of medical care. Women were more responsible, but 20-26 of respondents did not fully implement their recommendations.

The population of older age groups is increasing worldwide. The formation of the health of these populations is a complex and controversial process. The study allowed us to obtain characteristics of height and body weight, as well as an integral indicator (body mass index) as a statistical value, which is necessary for further analysis of their significance as risk factors for health disorders in older age groups. The General trend was a decrease in body weight with increasing age, gender differences were manifested in the form of faster weight loss with increasing age among women. Growth rates were significantly higher for men in all age groups. In all age groups, the body mass index of women was significantly higher than among men. The variation series in women were more symmetrical, and the indicators of variation in all age groups except the older age group of men were small.

Demographic burden is a very important characteristic of a countrys economic condition. In recent decades, in Russia, as well as throughout the world, the birth rate has been decreasing, in addition, with an increase in life expectancy, the number of people over working age is growing. In all countries there is an aging population. The coefficient of demographic load shows how many people of working age account for 1000 able-bodied people. Persons of working age are predominantly producers of economic benefits and contributions to the Pension Fund, and thus practically contain the disabled population. An increase in the demographic load factor complicates the socio-economic situation in the country. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the demographic burden in Russia. A comparison of the demographic burden in Russia and other countries is given. The data on the level of demographic burden, taking into account, the ongoing pension reform are given. Possible ways of changing the current demographic situation are considered. The necessity of increasing the birth rate as the most promising direction to reduce the demographic burden is shown.

The article sets out the conditions for the formation and operation of the Blood Service on the territory of the Arkhangelsk Region on the eve of and during the Great Patriotic War. The development of this service was characterized by an extremely slow introduction of blood transfusions into medical practice and a shortage of trained medical specialists in blood transfusion. In 1932, the Northern branch of the Central Institute of Blood Transfusion appeared in Arkhangelsk. He was of great importance in the formation and development of the Blood Service. Thanks to effective organizational measures and the dedicated work of the staff of the Arkhangelsk blood transfusion station in 1941-1945. about 17 thousand northerners became donors. Over 18 thousand liters of blood were harvested. The memory of the donors of the war years is immortalized with a memorial sign installed in front of the building of the Arkhangelsk regional blood transfusion station.

The first perfumery factory in Russia (for 40 employees), was opened in 1843 and launched the production of perfumes, toilet soaps, lipsticks and powders. The trading house A. Ralle and Co. was established based on this factory in 1856. By 1899, its production expanded, the trading house was well equipped to European standards and possessed steam engines and plantations of essential oil crops that provided their own raw materials. In 1900, the Company received the highest Grand Prix award in Europe for the high quality of perfumery products, which included 675 items. In 1864, the Brokars enterprise was opened in Moscow, which started with soap production, such as Detskoe, Narodnoye, Russian Soap, etc., and then powders, lipsticks, blush, and soon their large own store was opened in Moscow. Mass perfume was replaced by elite perfumery and the Company received numerous awards for elite products. In 1860, the merchant F.I. Kiel founded the Petersburg Chemical Laboratory, which produced colognes, toilet soap, and fragrant waters, and received a large silver medal at the Paris World Exhibition in 1878. Thus, was the recognition of professionalism of Russian perfumers and Russian products abroad. One of the leading positions on perfumery market was occupied by the perfume partnership S.I. Chepelevetsky with S., later a trading house, which received 5 highest awards at the World Trade and Industrial Exhibitions. One of the largest enterprises in Russia was also the Partnership of the Perfume Factory of the Pharmacist A.M. Ostroumov, formed in 1885, which produced various medical and hygiene products as well and became very successful and famous. In 1910, A.M. Ostroumov established the Moscow Institute of Medical Cosmetics where, unlike the First Moscow Institute of Medical Cosmetics (1909), there were a plastic surgery department and a unique laboratory.