Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health

Palliative medical care is a separated kind of healthcare that includes provision of medical services and non-medical interventions (psychological assistance, care). The development of palliative care has been identified as the one of the main health policies. However, no system of criteria and indicators for quality evaluation of palliative medical care is in a position at this time that is used in the literature or legislative framework. The organizational and methodological approaches in establishing of that system are presented in this publication. The developed system takes into account the hierarchical nature of governance and specific features of palliative assistance, includes criteria and indicators allowing to access an information and to make rational management decisions. These decisions concern the resourcing and efficiency of its applying (a sufficient amount of medical employees and beds for occurring palliative medical assistance; an availability of medicines (in particular, analgesics), medical items and rehabilitation equipment). These management decisions also integrate a public awareness of the palliative medical care and recognition of medical care quality and quality of providing psychosocial and emotional aid and care.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of recognition of responsibility for one’s health on self-esteem of health in older age groups. An analysis of the results of an anonymous survey of 1045 people aged 60 years and older was carried out. In men, self-esteem indicators in all age groups were quite stable until the age of 70 years. The largest gradient in the drop in self-esteem was observed in the older age group. In women, self-esteem decreased with increasing age at a faster pace. The difference between the maximum value observed in the age group of 60-64 years and in the older age group (70 years and older) differed by almost twenty percent. The results of this study allow us to draw a conclusion about the likely positive effect of recognizing the fact of responsibility for their health in women aged 60 years and older, while in men this effect is observed only in the age range of 60-69 years, and in older age groups there is no such effect.

According to the order of the Moscow City Health Department of March 27, 2020, the Filatov State Clinical Hospital no. 15, was reprofiled to treat patients with viral pneumonia, including COVID confirmed infection. Difficulties in providing treatment and diagnostic process, observance of sanitary-epidemiological rules in respect of patients/recent contacts with new coronavirus infection and employees, which arose due to reprofiling, required mobilization of all forces and resources of the hospital, additional equipment, purchase of non-core medications. This paper describes organizational decisions made by the management of Filatov State Clinical Hospital №15, to work in the changed conditions. Article provides information about the provision of medical care, primarily inpatient care, to patients with a new coronavirus infection. The experience of diagnosing and treating infection, its complications and serious concurrent illness is based on thousands of patients treated in the hospital, surveillance of the disease each of them, on the results of tens of thousands instrumental and hundreds of thousands laboratory tests.

The article is devoted to a number of topical issues of scientific activity in the specialty “Public Health and Health Organization”. In particular, the issues of planning and execution of scientific, including dissertation, research and reflection of their results are in the press are considered.

The article traces the main stages of the biography and creative path of academician V.D. Belyakov, notes his achievements in the development of medicine, the desire to create a unified epidemiology of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Priority researches are indicated in the allocation of epidemiological diagnostics as an independent section of epidemiology, which contributed to the creation of automated information systems for managing anti-epidemic protection. The article highlights the significance for medical science and practical health care of the concept developed by the scientist about the development of the epidemic process, which is registered as a scientific discovery and is called the theory of self-regulation of parasitic systems. Attention is paid to the discussion and sharp criticism of the theory by the medical community, the long struggle for recognition of the fundamental and universal nature of the new teaching.

The article is devoted to topical problems of process management organization and implementation in medical organizations. Issues of use of process management in medical organizations, as well as methodological approaches to formalization of business processes in medical organizations and notations used for this are considered.

Every year, according to the World Health Organization, infectious diseases account for approximately 25% of the total number of fatal diseases. Infections remain one of the leading causes of death. In this regard, the discovery of viruses, and then the appearance of drugs for the treatment and prevention of diseases caused by viruses, is of great importance for all of humanity. All this served as a serious impetus for studying the structure of the virus, as well as the processes of their reproduction in the body of the "host", researching their distribution and prevention. The review talks about the history of the discovery of viruses, as well as the history of the creation of modern antiviral drugs. Until recently, this issue has received little attention. Due to the special activity of various viral infections such as AIDS, hepatitis, herpes, as well as influenza, pneumonia, and now also COVID-19, the late XXth and early XXIst centuries are characterized by the rapid development of virology, immunology, microbiology, as well as biochemistry, biotechnology, genetic engineering and other sciences. Thanks to this, it was possible to synthesize many new drugs for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases belonging to various pharmacological groups. The authors of the article studied the modern arsenal of antiviral drugs, the principle of their action and use, classification, structure; considered the features of the virus as a pharmacodynamic target, the problems of pharmacotherapy of viral infections.

The author presented review for the dissertation Ilya N. Bakshaev “Improvement of medical care for patients with diseases of the circulatory system in penitentiary system” for the academic degree candidate of medical sciences by specialty “public health”.