Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health

Health status is determined by socio-economic conditions. Study of circumstances and factors that give rise to pathological processes is essential for improvement of workers' health care. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate determinism of working population health. Pressure of stress at work undermines the nervous and immune system, provides a fertile ground for development of many diseases, especially in view of the tradition relief it by smoking and drinking, which start mainly outside the working environment, but are deeply rooted in it. The frequency of deaths due to injuries received in workplace decreased by 42%, those nonfatal - by 27% in 15 countries of EU during 1995-2005. Accidents at work correlate moderately with hearing loss, neurological disorders, obesity, diabetes, epilepsy, sedatives intake. They most often occur at construction sites and industrial enterprises with unskilled personnel working in shifts and having less than years experience. The main conclusion in this paper is the necessity of an integrated approach to working population health, but despite its obvious advantages separate, health care at workplace is often limited to medical examinations and aspects: the fight against drunkenness, smoking, introduction to healthy eating and physical activity, psychological training. The material of this study can be used in scientific research and decision-making by bodies of economic management, health and social protection.

Two factors influencing reliability of statistics of mortality are considered: physician education and implementation of the automated coding system of death registration. Errors of filling of death certificates and structure of mortality before carrying out education and implementation of the automated coding system are analyzed. Positive changes of structure of mortality by the international comparisons are shown.

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of demographic characteristics (age and sex) on the need for medical care on the profile of traumatology and orthopedics in relation to the adult population. Dependence analysis showed that morbidity and health system performance (overall performance of doctors, the number of visits made) have no effect on the frequency of seeking specialized medical care on the profile of traumatology and orthopedics. It is shown that the frequency dependence of the proved claims for outpatient medical care on the profile of traumatology and orthopedics of gender, age must be taken into account in the planning of volumes of specialized medical care.

Drawing sociohygienic portrait patient neurological department, 2006-2015. It led to the conclusion that the performance of patients structure: distribution by sex, season, age groups, belonging to the insurance company, place of residence, were stable. To refine the formation of a social portrait of the railway hospital patient contact classification according to the degree of gravity of the labor was used. The close direct correlation of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue and physical activity, and the main adverse factors are physical stress, work intensity.

The study examines the problems of medium-and longterm planning of demand in medical care on the example of the municipality of Surgut city. It is shown that the use of demographic analysis it is possible to detect long-term trends in population, mathematical modeling. The results of the analysis can be used when planning for the needs of population in medical care. The use of this approach reduces the economic and social risks of management decisions.

А clear need for studies of various populations based on health assessments is due to nowadays spread of the quality of life concept in multiple fields related to health of population. The validity of subjective methods of measuring well-being may be estimated by a variety of respondent’s characteristics received at sociological survey. At present the relation between life satisfaction and subjective criteria for evaluating health has been proven. Objective: To analyze the subjective evaluations of health, wellbeing and quality of life of respondents different groups with the help of a number of characteristics associated with them. Methods of work: Materials of «Study on Global Agein and Adult Health 2007-2010» Wave 1 (SAGE), conducted under the leadership of WHO in Russia in 2007-2010 years. (about 4,400 people) were analyzed, using a common methodology, developed by WHO. The data were processed using the package of applied statistical programs SPSS. The results: The main part of respondents (about 60-67%), both urban and the rural, men as well as women report their quality of life to be average (satisfactory). Among the urban population has a slightly higher percentage of men and women that rated their quality of life as well, and also, the proportion of those who are dissatisfied with their lives and to rate the quality as poor or very poor is almost the same. As in many other cases self-estimates of women are slightly worse than those of men: the proportion of females with quality of life good grades is lower, and the proportion of poor and very poor ones is higher. Patients with various diseases show a lower share of life satisfaction compared to the general population. This proportion is especially high among patients with stroke, where one of three women and a quarter of men report dissatisfaction with the quality of their lives; with depression - 26.8% among men and 28.8% among women; with other diseases - 13-17%. Thus, presence of any disease lowers patient’s quality of life. But a significant proportion of those who are suffering from any disease, are however, satisfied with their lives, apparently acquiring medicines necessary for compensation of diseases and symptoms. The results showed that one of the most important quality of life aspects is maintaining health and well-being. Conclusions: The main parameters of quality of life assessment depend on age. Integral characteristics of physical, psychological, emotional and social status of various groups should be given while carrying out regular monitoring subjective perception of quality of life. Application of the results: Data presented can be use for decisionmaking by bodies of economic management, health and social care.

Registration in the Russian macitentan provides perspectives for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Macitentan is a drug whose clinical efficacy was evaluated at clinically relevant robust endpoints as part of a randomized controlled clinical study with duration 115 weeks. The results of clinical and economic analysis and modeling "budget impact" in the five-year term, taking into account the typical practice of treatment patients with PAH, scheme and doses of medicines, based on survey of leading regional experts in PAH, show a decrease in the health budget in the application macitentan in Russian conditions. Results of “budget impact” modeling has shown that use of the drug macitentan is cost-effective in the modern conditions of the Russian Federation healthcare system.

France succeeded to achieve the highest in Europe rate of the mean life expectancy and the low level of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. The main purpose of reforms has been to achieve the maximum access. The French Government tried to guarantee the access to quality health services for every citizen of the country, and also to bring them nearer to the place of their residence.

The article is devoted to the history of medicine in the European North of Russia. Shown the role of orders of the supreme bodies of state power in the Russian Empire from 1735 and 1780. According to these acts in Russian cities were set up hospitals. Arkhangelsk first public hospital opened 13 (24) February 1786. It was the first civilian medical institution in Arkhangelsk. In 1800, the first doctor of the hospital was Dr. Gavriil Moder. The development of medical practice at the time was based on the European and traditional medicine. In 1863 it was created the Archangel scientific medical society. In the second half of the XIX century in a hospital staffed by physicians who had been exiled to Arkhangelsk for political crimes. September 27, 1876 the hospital opened school of physician assistant. It was the first school of physician assistant in the European North of Russia. Shown the role of the pharmacist K.A. Lorenz, doctors P.K. Bolsheselsky, S.F. Grenkova and G.M. Leibson in the development of the hospital. By 1917, the hospital was formed as an institution with the staff who provide care to patients with severe disease.