Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health

Planning the number of health workers is an essential part of the health organization. The urgency of the problem was exacerbated by any emergency situations: pandemics, earthquakes, accidents at nuclear power plants and other possible unforeseen circumstances. In those cases, questions were inevitably raised as to the need for and extent to which additional expertise would be required to work during the peak of the situation and during the period of its aftermath, the mobilization of resources for the provision of medical care to victims and the provision of necessary assistance to chronic patients and patients with newly emerging pathologies that did not involve emergency situations but required urgent action. The lessons that can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of labor rationing are devoted to this article. The publication presents an analysis of the regulatory and legal document on labor, approved by order of the Ministry of Health of Russia to draw up a temporary staffing table for the infectious disease department for patients with COVID-19. The authors note the controversial provisions of the order regarding labor rationing, consisting in recommendations on the normative provision of round-the-clock work, on the calculation of the number of posts according to the volume of work in the absence of time standards per unit of work, the absence of changes in the staffing of emergency medical care, and the reduction of the number of junior medical personnel in the anesthesiology-intensive care unit with intensive care and intensive care wards.

Today, due to global infectious threats, including the outbreak of COVID-19, additional hygiene measures, including enrichment of the diets of the population for therapeutic and preventive purposes, are of particular relevance in public health along with anti-epidemic measures (quarantine, vaccinations, etc.). The article presents a review of foreign literature on the role of optimal micronutrient status in increasing the body's resistance to threats of infectious diseases, and the problems of providing vitamins and minerals to various social groups. It has been shown that vulnerable populations are particularly at risk of infectious diseases during epidemics, in particular, people with low socio-economic status, children, women, the elderly, as well as people with obesity. Attention is required to provide the population with vitamins and minerals that are especially important for supporting immunity, such as vitamins D, C, A, microelements - zinc, selenium and iron.

Тhe purpose of the study: to justify the need to develop optimal standards of needs and promising directions for the development of inpatient care for the elderly and senile. Medical care for the elderly is a major problem that has existed for many years. She's getting sharper. In many countries, it will increase as more people begin to move into older age groups. A feature of the aging process is the growing prevalence of chronic diseases and disabilities. The results of the study showed that over the past twenty years in Moscow there have been changes in the age composition of the population with a noticeable increase in the proportion of elderly and senile people, which significantly (t = 4.06) increased by 62.0% by the end of the study period (2015-2019), with the highest growth rates recorded in 2019. The study six-year time period (2015-2019) is characterized by an increase in the level of hospitalization of elderly and senile persons by almost 30%. We studied the need of elderly and senile people in inpatient beds, which is 6.9 beds in geriatric departments per 10,000 population, 3.3 beds in nursing hospitals per 10,000 population. The basis for providing inpatient care to the elderly is a rational organization of it, taking into account the statistical characteristics of hospitalized persons of this age.

The purpose of the study: to study the awareness of district therapists and general practitioners about the significance, indicators and frequency of the function of external respiration in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on an outpatient basis. The study involved 73 primary care physicians: 41 district therapists and 32 general practitioners from the Moscow and Moscow region. All participants in the study were questioned on the knowledge of the main indicators of spirometry; rules for spirometry and the frequency of use of peakflowmetry on an outpatient basis. Primary care physicians do not fully understand the interpretation of indicators of the function of external respiration, and especially the technique of performing spirometry and peakflowmetry on an outpatient basis. Awareness of general practitioners on the interpretation of indicators and the rules for spirometry is better than that of district therapists. Most primary care physicians do not perform peakflowmetry at the reception (85.0%) and do not appoint patients for self-monitoring on an outpatient basis (82.2%). The objective reason why peak flow metering is not performed at a doctor’s appointment is the lack of equipment for doctor’s offices with peakflowmeters. The subjective reasons why peak flow measurement is not performed at the reception and is not prescribed to patients as a method of self-monitoring are the lack of knowledge of doctors and their erroneous opinions.

The author presented a lecture on the preparation of publication in a scientific medical journal.

The article presents the anniversary and memorable dates of the history of medicine in 2020.