Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health

The publication considers actual characteristics of organization of involvement of innovative technologies in health care to be applied to health promotion of population. The decision-making in this field requires systemic consolidation of organization of research studies, professional training, production of medical innovative technologies, information support on the basis of integrated system of protection and promotion of population health to ensure efficient intersectoral management of development and implementation of innovative technologies in health care. It is established that assessment of innovative technologies on the basis of systematic interdisciplinary analysis on all stages of their application is recommended to wide-spread implementation by many international structures and organizations, the WHO included. The full-fledged usage of advantages of innovative technologies in health care is ensured by applying methods of prospective planning of medical care on the basis of prognostic assessment of corresponding needs and possibilities of market of medical technologies itself.

In order to assess the quality of medical activity, it is necessary to analyze not only the quality of medical care, but also the quality of organization. Assessment of medical activity (including its components) should be carry out using a system of criteria and indicators. The article presents basic principles and methodological approaches to building a system of criteria and indicators for assessing the quality and effectiveness of medical activities. The use of this system will make it possible to objectively evaluate the quality of medical activity, as well as the healthcare management system at various hierarchical levels, to identify problem areas and determine how to correct them. This system can also be used to conduct a comprehensive comparative assessment of the effectiveness of various technologies. The article contains links to normative legal acts of the Russian Federation and publications on the subject under study.

The article analyzes the materials of domestic and foreign publications on the current features of medical and social prevention of inflammatory gynecological diseases among girls and teenage girls. An example of the analysis of the prevention of vulvovaginitis shows the influence of various factors contributing to the occurrence of gynecological inflammatory diseases among children and adolescents. Protecting children and adolescents from health risks is of great importance for preventing the problems of the development of diseases during the adult period of life, as well as for maintaining reproductive functions, which in turn determines the economic and labor potential of the country's development and its national security. To this end, the issue of the need for comprehensive studies of the influence of various risk factors on the development of inflammatory gynecological diseases in girls and adolescent girls is considered.

The author presented the results of a medical and sociological study of the neuropsychic health of 400 adult Muscovites and residents of the Moscow Region in the period from April 12-15, 2020. The survey was conducted by phone or email. Of the 400 respondents, 350 people underwent surveys with the author of this article on other socio-hygienic problems, that is, they have experience in such studies. The sample is random, related to the willingness of a person to participate in a medical sociological study. Of the surveyed number of individuals, women accounted for 56%, men - 44%. 15% of people were 18-24 years old; 13% - 25-35 years old; 28% - 36-49 years old; 25% - 50-60 years; 19% are over 60 years old. Non-working pensioners accounted for 14%; housewives - 7%; working in the public sector, government and administration, law enforcement agencies - 24%; employees in various business areas - 30%; self-employed entrepreneurs - 8%; pupils (students, graduate students) - 17%. The examination took place 21 (+/-3) days after the start of the voluntary isolation regime (during the epidemic of COVID-19). At the time of the study, students did not attend universities, did not study at all, or did self-education. Self-employed tried to continue remote work. 67% of small and medium-sized businesses stopped activity. The rest continued to work. 73% of employees stopped working. The rest continue to work as sellers of grocery stores, taxi drivers, couriers or switched to a shorter working day. Public sector employees worked remotely in 83% of cases or periodically visited the workplace. Civil servants continued to work, with the exception of people over 65 and mothers with children under 14. Law enforcement officers continue to serve with increased workload, sometimes in special conditions of service. These factors can be regarded as traumatic, caused by the regime of restriction of social contacts, violations of the usual way of life, lower incomes, the threat of illness and changes in living standards. None of those examined earlier in the psycho-neurological (or narcological) dispensary were registered; they did not actively contact a psychiatrist, psychotherapist, psychologist, or psychologist. 19% of the examined were previously observed by a doctor by reason of arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, coronary heart disease, vegetovascular dystonia, neurological pathology against the background of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine. 11% of people periodically took psychopharmacological drugs as prescribed by a doctor or on their own to treat the above pathology. No one had known the facts of contact with persons infected with coronavirus. After three weeks of being on voluntary self-isolation at home, 44% of respondents noted a feeling of vague anxiety. Denied a sense of vague anxiety of 18%. 38% could not confirm or deny the feeling of vague anxiety. Annoyance that appeared (or intensified during the period of self-isolation) was noted by 58% of respondents. 17% of individuals denied irritability. The rest did not note increased irritability or could not answer in the affirmative. 29% of people noted the appearance (or increase during the period of self-isolation) of excessive temper, anger, which arose unreasonably or as a result of neutral actions (inaction) of people who underwent self-isolation together with the subjects. 71% of people denied the presence of excessive temper, anger. However, many answers were evasive. 74% of people reported sleep disturbance (or worsening) during the period of self-isolation. The most common violations were falling asleep, less often a superficial sleep with frequent awakenings, or early awakening. 26% of respondents said they increased alcohol consumption. Patients with psychosomatic pathology note an increase in the dose of medications taken to correct blood pressure, reduce heart attacks, and relieve other symptoms. 11% of respondents noted an increase in the number of psychopharmacological drugs taken. From the data obtained it follows that during the period of the coronavirus infection epidemic, the number of borderline mental disorders increased, which require further research in order to optimize measures for the organization of medical and diagnostic assistance to the population.

The Internet-trading has become one of the most popular way of selling due to the socialization community. However, without proper government control over medicine, it is possible to sell low quality products. At present, government body carrying out control and supervision activities cannot control the sphere of drug trade by the Internet, because the regulatory framework and correct privileges of qualified persons and elements exercising control are necessary for monitoring. Research methods: rather-legal analysis, method of systematization, comparison, method of the information gathering, sociological method and concept design method. In the result of the study the futures for development of legislation in the field of the sale of medicines through online-pharmacies have been analyzed, data of the need for online-pharmacies work have been obtained. This research work presents an analysis of organization and legal framework of the medicines sales through the Internet, reveals the opinion of buyers about ordering drugs by the Internet with their home delivery, the main advantages and downsides of this method of retail sales of medicines according of buyers. Analysis of the data from conducted head count showed a generally positive opinion of consumers about ordering products by the Internet. Through a questionnaire, the need for the service for ordering drugs by the Internet and their home delivery and its legalization was identified.

In 1941-1942s on the territory of the Arkhangelsk region, 31 evacuation hospitals with 13,700 regular beds were formed. The medical part of hospitals was mainly equipped with mobilized doctors, paramedics and nurses of civilian medical institutions. An severe shortage of doctors and nursing staff in evacuation hospitals and civilian medical institutions in the Arkhangelsk region in the initial period of the war caused a reduction in the duration of training in Arkhangelsk state medical institute from 5 to 3,5 years, and also additional training for nurses, medical examiners at the courses of the Red Cross Society. In 1943 in the hospital base of the Karelian Front, formed of 15 evacuation hospitals, 249 doctors served. In difficult conditions, during the war years the Arkhangelsk state medical institute trained 919 doctors, more than half of them were mobilized and sent to front-line medical institutions. Insufficient training period led to a decrease in the level of professional training. Selfless work of the evacuation hospitals’ medical collectives, professors, associate professors and assistants of the medical institute allowed to achieve good indicators of medical work in 1943-1945s.

The author presented review for the dissertation Pavel N. Zolotarev “Scientific substantiation of a multifactor approach to the assessment of the laboratory services of the subject of the Russian Federation” for the academic degree Doc. habil. in Medicine (specialty "Public Health").