Bulletin of Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health

Introduction. Emotional intelligence (EI) is one of the most valuable resources of managers who increase the level of motivation of the team, prevent burnout and are able to influence the quality of medical care. This study aims to study the level of EI among managers in the healthcare system and identify the factors that influence it. Materials and methods. The study was conducted within the framework of a cross-sectional design using standardized questionnaires to assess EI, the level of emotional burnout and leadership qualities of managers in the medical system: the D. V. Lyusin EI questionnaire, the C. D. Spielberger—Yu. L. Khanin anxiety scale and the Zharikov—Krushelnitsky leadership qualities test. Statistical processing was carried out using MS Excel and jamovi. Results. A total of 44 heads of the healthcare system participated in the study. The average age of the participants was 44.9 ± 8.1 years; 81.8% were women. The median of the total EI index is 88.5 (80.8—95.0), which corresponds to a medium-high level. The average values of situational anxiety were 37 (34—42.3) points, personal anxiety — 48 (46—50.3) points. Gender, age, place of residence, marital status, and financial status did not significantly affect EI. According to the leadership qualities questionnaire, the average score was 29 (26—33). 11 people (25%) have weak leadership qualities, 29 people (65.9%) have moderate leadership qualities, and 4 people (9.1%) have strong leadership qualities. Gender, age, place of residence, marital status, the presence of chronic diseases and the level of financial security did not affect the EI indicators. The presence of children, favorable living conditions, and the fact of studying under health organization programs had a positive impact on the sub-schools. A positive correlation was also established between length of service and MP (r=0.452, p=0.002). Conclusions. Medical leaders demonstrate generally developed EI, which is closely related to the manifestation of leadership qualities, while traditional demographic parameters have no influence. The formation of a favorable organizational climate, targeted training programs for managers and the development of self-regulation skills increase the level of EI and, consequently, the effectiveness of management. It is recommended to integrate emotional competence training into professional development systems and expand research on the impact of EI on the performance of medical organizations.

Frailty is a significant medical and social issue driven by increased life expectancy and population aging. Frailty leads to reduced functional capacity, decreased quality of life, and a higher risk of adverse outcomes, including disability and mortality. The development program for geriatric services in Russia is accompanied by financial and organizational changes in the procedures for providing medical care to patients with frailty, which necessitates a dynamic medico-economic evaluation of the effectiveness of implemented measures. However, the scientific literature provides limited data on the medico-economic aspects of developing organizational approaches to the treatment of patients with this condition. Purpose of the study. To analyze the medical and economic characteristics of hospitalizations among older adults with frailty within selected clinical and statistical groups of the compulsory health insurance program. Materials and methods: The study included data on 8391 hospitalizations of patients aged 60 years and older who received inpatient treatment at the Krasnoyarsk Regional Hospital for War Veterans in 2024. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of the diagnosis R54 Senility Frailty. The analysis included length of stay, structure of hospitalizations, and discharge diagnoses. Results: The average length of stay for patients with frailty was 12.1±2.8 days, compared to 11.6±4.5 days for patients without the diagnosis, showing an increase of 0.5 days p<0.001. The largest differences in hospital stay duration were observed in surgical and cardiology departments — 2 and 1 additional bed-days, respectively p<0.001. Among patients aged 90 and older, frailty was associated with an increase in hospitalization duration of 1.7 days, highlighting the particular impact of frailty in the oldest age group p<0.001. Conclusion: Frailty in geriatric patients is associated with increased hospitalization duration, underscoring the need for additional financial resources to support their treatment and care.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of a specialized integrated module for solving scientific and practical tasks in data management in a medical organization. The aim of the study: to develop an information and analytical system that combines clinical and scientific developments intended for doctors and researchers to ensure accessibility, continuity of knowledge and improve the quality of medical care and data management in a medical organization. Materials and methods. During the study, clinical data on the profile of «Otolaryngology» were studied at the Federal State Budgetary Institution «St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation», and the «Clinical Information System» of the automated information system of the city of Moscow «Unified Medical Information and Analytical System of the City of Moscow» was also used. Results and discussion. In the course of the conducted research, the structure of physical interaction of nodes of the information and analytical system of the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, as well as a service integration bus with databases of integrated clinical and scientific data, allowing to combine and visualize data in this module, were developed. The developed module allows to continuously update knowledge taking into account the clinical and scientific database. The presented database integrates clinical cases and results of scientific research, updated in real time. Conclusion. A single scientific and clinical module for data management in a medical organization can be used in various areas of clinical medicine and allows to continuously update theoretical knowledge in the field of science and practice and apply them in order to ensure continuity of medical care and training of specialists in Healthcare, as well as automation of processes in the scientific and clinical sphere.

The paper analyzes the development of the Clinical Cost Groups (DRG) system in the Kyrgyz Republic as a key instrument for inpatient care financing. The study covers the period from 1997 to the present and is based on anonymized data from the CHIF Treated Case database (2.87 million hospital episodes, 2015—2018). Cost weights (CW) were calculated, and independent clustering was applied to assess clinical homogeneity. The overlap between natural clusters and assigned DRGs exceeded 80 %, confirming the model’s validity. Case examples from respiratory diseases and obstetrics show alignment between CW and national clinical guidelines. The introduction of new surgical and non-surgical classifiers (2020—2021) improved coding accuracy and cost analysis. Integration of DRGs into the CHIF tariff formula enabled a shift to clinically and economically justified hospital payment mechanisms.

One of the strategic national priorities is to save the people of Russia, which is ensured, among other things, by increasing life expectancy. The strategic planning documents define not only «Life expectancy at birth», but also «Life expectancy at birth of the rural population», «Differentiation of life expectancy at birth between urban and rural populations» and «Healthy life expectancy», and approved methods for calculating them. The study revealed similar trends in the dynamics of life expectancy indicators for the period 1990—2023 (along with the obvious periods of decline in life expectancy at birth and life expectancy at birth of rural populations in 1990—2010 and 2021—2022, there is a differentiation of life expectancy at birth of women and men in 1990—2010. and 2022—2023, as well as the differentiation of life expectancy at birth between urban and rural populations, the highest values in 2005—2015), and the ranking made it possible to determine the subjects of the Russian Federation with the maximum and minimum values of life expectancy at birth and healthy life expectancy for the period 2019—2023. In addition, the results of Selective monitoring of the health status of the population for the period 2019—2024, used in calculating healthy life expectancy, are analyzed.

A retrospective analytical study was conducted to assess the impact of the implemented comprehensive organizational technology on the indicators of detection (incidence) and in-hospital mortality from oncological diseases in children across the regions. Primary data were obtained through a depersonalized extraction from the hospital-based cancer registry. The inclusion criteria for the analysis were: a diagnosis of an oncological disease (solid malignant neoplasms, benign neoplasms, hemoblastoses), patient age (children), and belonging to the regions supervised by this center and included in the organizational experiment for technology implementation. The total analyzed sample size comprised 4,952 records for the period from 2018 to 2024. The results of the implementation of the comprehensive organizational technology in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation indicate its medical effectiveness, which is manifested by statistically significant improvements in a number of key indicators. First, a reliable increase in the growth rates of detection (primary incidence) was recorded: in 2023 and 2024 relative to the baseline year 2019, the increase was 159.13% and 187.55%, respectively, which significantly exceeds the pre-implementation period indicator for 2020 (37.46%; p=0.0017). Second, a significant increase in the rate of reduction of in-hospital mortality from childhood cancer was noted—in 2024, the reduction reached 27.78% compared to 18.84% in 2020 (p=0.0397). Furthermore, the implementation of the technology contributed to improved accessibility of medical care: the waiting times for hospitalization of children with malignant neoplasms decreased from 7±1.2 days in 2019 to 3±0.8 days in 2023. An increase in the volume of high-tech care was also observed, as illustrated by the rise in the number of hematopoietic stem cell transplantations from 728 in 2019 to 858 in 2023.

This review is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between mental and cognitive health and indicators of healthy longevity in the elderly. In accordance with international standards of systematic reviews, literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka and RSCI using the key terms: «mental health», «mental health», «cognitive functions», «healthy longevity». After selection and quality assessment, the analysis included 18 of the most representative papers (systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and original research) from the United States, China, and India. The results showed that psychosocial and cognitive factors play a key role in ensuring healthy aging. Digital therapeutic platforms demonstrate effectiveness in reducing loneliness among the elderly, but require adaptation for people with low digital literacy. Significant differences in mental health between urban and rural residents have been identified. Cognitive resilience is closely related to education, social engagement, and prevention of chronic diseases.

The article presents an analysis of the potential of gerontological-oriented mobile applications as a tool for supporting visually impaired elderly patients in a megacity. Based on the analysis of semi-structured interviews with experts, it was determined that specialized digital solutions adapted to the sensory and cognitive characteristics of elderly users contribute to expanding their social activity, forming new practices of interaction with the urban environment, and reducing the risks of isolation. The article concludes that gerontological-oriented technologies are essential elements of the sociotechnological infrastructure of a megacity. The article proposes potential directions for the functioning of mobile applications to provide navigation, maintain cognitive activity, strengthen communication, and increase security and access to the architectural and social infrastructure of the metropolis.

The article analyzes the problems of legal regulation of the provision of specialized, including high-tech trauma care. The main focus is on assessing the overlap or differences in the regulation of the same aspects of trauma care by various regulatory acts. For example, this concerns the procedure for referring patients to hospital, which is reflected in one way or another in a number of orders of the Russian Ministry of Health. In addition, the article examines changes in a significant part of the documents under consideration related to the entry into force of a large number of new regulatory legal acts replacing the previously existing ones. In this regard, the implementation of the regulatory guillotine is assessed on the positive side, which, by setting deadlines for the validity of regulatory legal acts, leads to the need to update them taking into account current legislation.

The objective of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the list of high-tech medical care methods for the possibility of implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization. An analysis of three lists of high-tech medical care types was performed. From all three listed lists of high-tech medical care methods, those methods that are of interest for implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization are selected. According to these methods, the high-tech medical care group number, the name of the high-tech medical care type, ICD-10 codes, patient model, type of treatment, treatment method, and the standard financial costs per unit of medical care in rubles are transferred to an electronic table in a structured format. The highest average value of the standard financial costs in rubles is characterized by the «gastroenterology» profile — 2,509,559.00 rubles and a standard deviation of 33,640.00 rubles. The second place by the average value of the standard financial costs in rubles is occupied by the profile «dermatovenereology» — 1,845,553.89 rubles and the standard deviation is 561,076.14 rubles. The third place by the average value of the standard financial costs in rubles is occupied by the profile «obstetrics and gynecology» — 1,631,362.78 rubles and the standard deviation is 1,672,043.48 rubles. A high standard of financial costs can serve as an incentive for a multidisciplinary medical organization to implement high-tech medical care methods due to high profitability in order to achieve a positive financial result in the activities of a medical organization. Thus, in the course of this study, a methodology for a comprehensive analysis of the list of high-tech medical care methods was developed and proposed for the possibility of implementation in a multidisciplinary medical organization based on, among other things, financial indicators.

Colorectal cancer screening is considered to be one of the most effective (cost-effective, in particular) cancer screenings. The aim of the study was to assess the change in the incidence of malignant neoplasms of the colon in the subjects of the Russian Federation with a high incidence rate and to assess the demand for financial resources for medical care according to clinical recommendations for the period from 2011 to 2023. As a result of the study, it was shown that in all the analyzed subjects there is an increase in morbidity, especially considering the number of malignant neoplasm cases detected at stage I. At the same time, there is no proportional decrease in the number of malignant neoplasm cases detected at stages III and IV, which require large financial resources in providing medical care. Thus, in order to maintain the availability of medical care for malignant neoplasms of the colon, an increase in its financing is required.

This article explores the history of the concept of «social dentistry» in both the Weimar Republic and the RSFSR during the 1920s. It examines the relationship between social hygiene and dentistry in these countries. Additionally, it highlights the significant role of P. G. Dauge in promoting the idea of «social dentistry» in the RSFSR. The work also includes an overview of key publications from the Weimar Republic and the RSFSR related to social dentistry.

The article is devoted to a very versatile scientist who, while working in medical and pedagogical universities, has achieved success in various fields of knowledge. This is Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Yuri Sergeyevich Churilov, who retains amazing vigor, energy and optimism at the end of the ninth decade of his life. His main achievements in science should be considered the results of anatomical research, which were highly appreciated by his contemporaries. The article is written in connection with the upcoming 95th anniversary of the Ural State Medical University and its Department of Human Anatomy in 2026, to which Professor Y. N. Churilov devoted 20 years of his long and fruitful life.

In the context of digital transformation and an information environment oversaturated with content, museums face the challenge of maintaining relevance. Gamification is one of the effective tools for addressing this challenge. The article examines successful examples of gamification in museum practice, such as quests and quizzes, using the example of Russian museums. The main focus of the work is on the experience of the Russian Museum of Medicine and the series of online games developed by its staff based on Soviet agitational posters «Windows of Satire ROSTA». The authors highlight the core principles underlying the development: interdisciplinarity, establishing connections between history and the present, as well as between Russian and international experience in the fields of public health education and epidemic control.